Iran is an Islamic republic in the Middle East bordering Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkey, Iraq, Armenia, Azerbaijan (including the Nakhviyevsk Peninsula) and Turkmenistan. The country has a coast towards the Caspian Sea in the north and towards the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean in the south. Capital: Tehran Biggest city: Tehran State: Islamic Republic Language:… Read More »
Persians make up more than half of the residents of Iran. The second most are the Azeri while up to one tenth are Kurdish. The remainder belongs to a number of smaller groups. The population has almost quadrupled in half a century, but the previous high birth rates have dropped dramatically since the 1980s. Most… Read More »
Movies in Iran The first movie theater was established in Tehran in 1907, but production in the silent film era was limited to topical films. In the 1930s, a film industry began to emerge; pioneer Abol Hussein Sepenta created Firdausi (1934) on the famous poet. In the post-war period, about twenty producers established themselves as… Read More »
The roots of the music in Iran can be traced back to ancient Mesopotamian, Babylonian and Assyrian cultures. The long-standing contact with Greek culture was of great importance and possibly led to fundamental changes in the music scene. During the Sasanids (226-651 AD), Iran was a leading cultural country, the musicians had a privileged status… Read More »
By the fall of the Shah in 1979, Iran ‘s armed forces were among the most high-tech in the world, but already during the war against Iraq in 1980-88, a radical shift to a lighter, personnel-intensive defense at the medium to low technological level occurred. Today, Iran has ballistic missiles, which can reach Israel ,… Read More »
The oldest testimonies of people in Iran are about 100,000 years old, and are from the Zagros Mountains in western Iran. The mountains form a natural border with Iraq. In the Zagros Mountains, the oldest agriculture has developed. Here the conditions were created for the cultures that later developed in the lowlands. The area that… Read More »
In the 1990s, the CIA accused Iran of being responsible for more than 1,000 deaths in several hundred terrorist attacks since 1979, including the 1983 suicide bombing in Beirut in which 299 US and French soldiers were killed. In June 1994, the United Kingdom expelled Iranian embassy personnel for their alleged support for the IRA.… Read More »
Iran is an oil and gas nation and this also characterizes the country’s electrical energy production. In 2016, 92 percent of the country’s power generation was based on the use of fossil energy sources. Of a total production of 288 TWh, 233 TWh came from gas power plants and 32 TWh from oil power plants.… Read More »
About 98.4% of the population in Iran are Muslims, of whom 90.4% are Shi’ites. Sunnislam is primarily represented among minority groups such as Kurds, Turkmen and Baluchis. History Iran was Islamized in the 600s. Shia Islam became a state religion at the time of the Safavid takeover of power in 1501, and Shia Muslim jurists… Read More »
Iran is a topographically a very diverse country. The interior of the country consists of a central highland that is almost entirely surrounded by mountains, all of which are formed during the tertiary folding. The lowlands constitute only narrow strips along the coasts. The coastal land along the Caspian Sea is very narrow, and some… Read More »
Plant life in Iran Large parts of Iran are steppes, sand plains and semi-desert with scattered plant growth. Here, species in the Report family, the basket plant family, especially worm species, and the pea flower family, e.g. Astragalus. Many species appear in the form of thorny shrubs. The grass on the steppes is mostly of… Read More »
Iran is a constitutional Islamic republic. This is based on the constitution of 1979, which was introduced when the Shah of Iran was deposed. The constitution was later revised in 1989. Iran’s political system is based on the principle that the state is governed by Islamic scribes. The head of state, Wali Faqih (the supreme… Read More »
From 1945 to 1979 For the first time after the war, the young Shah had relatively little personal power. The constitution of 1906 was substantially fulfilled in 1949 and Iran in the form made a constitutional monarchy with a parliament consisting of two chambers, the lower house of Majlis and the Senate. The government was… Read More »
Iran is a member of the UN and most of the UN’s special organizations. In 1979, the country withdrew from the defense alliance CENTO and distanced itself from countries that were US- friendly at the time (that is, during the Cold War ). The country is a member of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC),… Read More »
Iran is a republic in the Middle East, bordering the west toward Iraq and Turkey, in the north towards Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan, and in the east to Afghanistan and Pakistan. The Republic also includes Qeshm, Kharg and other islands in the Persian Gulf. In addition, three small islands ( Abu Musa,… Read More »
Visual arts and crafts The prehistoric art in Iran is linked to several centers, of which Sialk south of Tehran is the oldest. The richest finds date from the 900-800 BCE. and includes ceramics and metalwork. Metal art has always been high in Iran. In the early period (700–600 BCE), the bronze from Luristan in… Read More »
Iran is traditionally an agricultural community, which has been substantially changed over the last decade, both through the influence of large oil revenues and the Islamic revolution in 1979. to make Western-oriented Iran more isolated from the West, with negative consequences for the economy, suffering from a lack of foreign investment, especially to modernize the… Read More »
In addition to the Middle Persian and the Partisan literature, we have from the early Middle Ages considerable literature in the Middle Iranian languages Sogdish (Buddhist, Manic, Christian Literature) and Khotanese (Buddhist Literature). Less voluminous linguistic memorials are handed over in khvarezmic and baktrisk. Modern Iranian literature is available in the languages pashto (in Afghanistan),… Read More »
Old Persian Literature The oldest written memorials of the Iranians are the inscriptions of the Akemenide kings (500–300 BC). They are written in a modified wedge letter and consist of royal proclamations. The language is Old Persian, based on the dialect of Fârs in southwestern Iran. The biggest and best known is the Behistun inscription,… Read More »
Iran has had an organized women’s movement since the early 1900s, but we can distinguish between periods of greater or less leeway. Under the Shah’s regime up to 1978, a modernization process was under way that also included women. It facilitated education and professional activity and encouraged them to leave the veil, but not to… Read More »
Since the 1979 revolution, Iran has been ruled by the religious leaders Ayatollah Khomeini and Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. These have maintained a strict Shi’ite rule of the country, with human rights violations and conflicts with both neighboring Iraq and the US great power. Iran has occasionally been internationally isolated during this period, but the election… Read More »
Domestic policy after 1990 At the elections of parliament majlis in 1992 strengthened the moderate wing significantly at the expense of the Conservatives. A majority were prepared to follow Rafsanjani’s economic reform program, but many fell from when tightening was decided. The president also met opposition from the traditional trade stand in the bazaars. In… Read More »
The nuclear agreement and financial sanctions The United States imposed sanctions on Iran already in connection with the hostage drama at the US embassy during the revolution in 1979. In the decades that followed, new oil and trade sanctions were introduced, both from the United States and other Western countries. The reasons included Iran’s support… Read More »
Until 1935, Persia was the name of today’s Iran. The Persian Ancient Empire originated around 550 BCE. under King Cyrus. In the 630-640 years, the area became the subject of Arab conquest, which led to the introduction of the new religion Islam and a cultural boom. From 1050, Iran was under Turkish rule, which in… Read More »
Modern Iran In conjunction with the modernization of the country and the rise in capital imports, progressive political ideas began to come into play, and under Nasireddin’s weaker successor Muzaffareddin (1896-1907) a movement emerged demanding a certain goal of political liberalism and constitutionalism. After pressure, the shahe in 1906 signed a constitution that established a… Read More »